Thursday, January 30, 2020

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay In hard times people tend more to be willing to find out why things aren’t working and so a growing awareness of satisfying employees lead to a more detailed picture of bullying in the workplace. Due to great changes in hotel and hospitality industry caused by the economic crisis and its cumulative effects on the behaviour of managers as well as on employees, volition emerged to do more against bullying in the workplace. This paper critically analyzes the reason for the occurrence of bullying and gives impacts on relationship between bullying, work and health. Furthermore it shows emerging problems for the hotel and hospitality industry and gives advice to find appropriate solutions to provide a bullying-free working place. Several published definitions of bullying make it hard to find the genuine meaning of it. According to the Department of Education? s article, published on their homepage www. education. gov. k in October 2010, bullying can be defined as â€Å"Behaviour by an individual or group usually repeated over time, that intentionally hurts another individual or group either physically, emotionally or mentally†. This definition is accepted and used by various organisations in the UK for anti-bullying publications and treatment policies. Unfortunately this definition covers an array of bullying types, so Zapf D. (1996) categorised five types of bullying behaviour in the workplace to get a closer look on what bullying really is. They are work-related bullying which may include changing your work tasks or making them difficult to perform, social isolation, personal attacks or attacks on your private life by ridicule, insulting remarks, gossip or the like, verbal threats where you are criticised, yelled at or humiliated in public and physical violence or threats of such violence. Referring to those statements it is possible to critically analyze bullying by keeping in mind the definition in relationship with Zapf? s five types of bullying. Nowadays it is well-known that bullying is common in almost every Industry whether in small businesses or international companies. Especially in tourism-related businesses like hotel and hospitality industry, bullying causes capacious damage in different dimensions concerning areas like staff turnover and revenue but also number of staff away sick and motivation of employees. To avoid long-term impacts of harassment, bullying or mobbing has to be nipped in the bud according to Dolan C. (2010):1 who said that â€Å"Bullying can? survive in workplaces that won? t support it. † To provide such a workplace, is today? s great challenge for managers. Generally reasons for bullying are minor problems which aren’t obviously inflicting damage to somebody like discontent about matters, problems in private live, unintended aspersions compared to a co-worker or sometimes a harsh tone in stressful situations. In Hotel and Hospitality industry the constant contact with different people, whether new staff members or guests, provides an excellent breeding ground for such problems. It could be an annoying guest, a challenging situation or an excessive period of work strain which gets people to offend a colleague. All these minor incidents are harmful for working climate and interpersonal relationships in long-term. These problems could be categorised, in alleviated acceptation, into different types of physically and psychologically violence, referring to Fineman S. (2003), who splits workplace violence into intrusive, consumer-related and organizational violence. Intrusive violence rarely occurs in hotel and hospitality industry but is not entirely excluded. On August 21, 2010 the Intercontinental hotel in Rio de Janeiro was scene of a taking of hostages. 10 employees of the hotel were restraint for several hours until they have been released, after the police took some action towards the criminals. Attacks by terrorists against hotels and employees infrequently take place in most countries, but witnessing crime related situations could be an immense strain. A more eminent factor in tourism-related businesses is consumer related violence. Demands of customers which couldn? always be measured, are causing complaints about e. g. delays or bad handling. Especially front office employees have to deal with enormous pressure by being consistently confronted with complaints, and personal affronts from customers. Furthermore Fineman S. (2003):164 describes the occurrence of organizational violence in the workplace as a failing in the ethnically opinions of entrepreneur and characterizes this form of bullying as follows, â€Å"It translates into practices that systematically cause danger, risk or exploitation to employees. Emotionally, the employer can feel indifferent, even derisory about its workers and their psychological or physical well-being: ‘there are always more out there’. The worker may feel equally indifferent but trapped in the job. † Actually frequent occurrence of such, as in the majority of cases irrelevant sensed incidents, leads to a growth of troubles and personal antipathy against fellow-workers and employers is growing until the straw that breaks the camel? s back and physically or psychological damages are the immediate consequences. As has been proved in an array of researches by organisations dealing with the problems of bullying and harassment in the workplace, like ACAS, bullying affects a company in a tremendous variety of ways. Hotel and Hospitality industry is a very people-intensive branch primarily composed of small businesses. According to ACSA a main impact of bullying is the increase in rates of absence, especially concerning small firms where cover for sick employees is difficult to arrange. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Europe’s largest HR and development professional body, releases every year a survey report pointing out the consequences of days of absence. In 2009 the average in days of absence, concerning all business sectors, was 7. 4 days per employee per year. The amount in hotel and hospitality sector was below average with 6. 0 days per employee per year but in comparison between hotel and hospitality and other businesses, the average annual costs of absence per employee per year are superior. Relating to the CIPD the average annual costs of absence per employee per year, enfolding all business-sectors, are 692 pounds. In this area hotel and hospitality businesses are the tragic top of the table with 1199 pounds per employee per year. The survey also shows that stress (often a result of bullying) is the major cause for long-term absence. Other consequences of bullying, described by ACAS, are poor morale and poor employee relations, loss of respect for managers and supervisors, poor performance, lost productivity, resignations, damage to company reputation and tribunal and other court cases and payment of unlimited compensations. Taking a closer look on stress it is to say that in hotel and hospitality industry it is a necessity for employees to know how to handle stress because there will always be periods of strain. The big problem in coping stress is that no two people respond to the same stressor in the same way and this is the perfect point where management should intervene. According to Stranks (2005) different strategies can be considered in dealing with work-related stress, first of all it is important recognizing the evidence of stress which could manifest in sickness, alcoholism or decreasing motivation. A second strategy is to prevent stress through e. g. personal stress audits for employees to identify causes of stress, to monitor stress levels and to report and discuss stressful elements of work to identify the measures necessary at organizational level to alleviate the problem. A third way is to give employees the opportunity to develop a personal stress-tackling technique by providing training and education. Stranks (2005):113 in this point said that employees need advice on identifying their own personal stress response and the measures necessary to coping with it. † Advice to handle stress could be found from organisations like Health and Safety Executive (HSE) releasing handbooks for employees (2003, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Guide for Employees) as well as for managers (2001, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Manager’s Guide to improving and Maintaining Employee Health and Well-being). These strategies work very well as reported in many case studies e. g. on United Biscuits by HSE in 2007. The case study points out that United Biscuits benefited from taking action against stress in many ways. From 2005 to 2007 reports of work related stress cases decreased from 24 to 6 per year. Furthermore HRS mentions that each case where absence is prevented, it is estimated the cost of 4 weeks wages and other associated costs is saved. As a matter of fact it is a necessity to override bullying and its consequences by management to keep costs low and protect employees from physical or psychological injuries caused by bullying. As mentioned in ‘bullying and harassment at work’, an advisory booklet publicised by ACAS, the first step to provide a bully-free working environment is to set up a formal policy including a statement of commitment from management and acknowledgement that bullying and harassment are problems for the organisation. The policy could also comprise a clear statement that bullying and harassment is unlawful, that it will not be tolerated, that it may be treated as disciplinary offences and that decisions should not be taken on the basis or whether someone submitted to or rejected a particular instance of harassment. Furthermore the policy is to comprehend steps the organisation takes to prevent bullying, responsibilities of supervisors and managers and confidentiality for any complainant. The policy should involve grievance, investigation and disciplinary procedures with timescales for action. Another point should deal with protection from victimisation and the importance and possibility of training for managers to avoid bullying. Involving staff into the process of developing such a policy will help achieving additional authority. Such a policy is supported by Stale Einarsen (1999):23 in the international journal of manpower who said â€Å"If not being permitted or supported by the people in power, a bully knows he/she may find him/herself the victim of aggressive counter-attacks and severe punishment. † In reference to ACAS the second step is to set a good example in behaviour, like discussing problems and consult employees instead of a too authoritarian management style. A current negative example for this point is the discussion about Gordon Brown? s abusive treatment of staff. The Guardian (21. 2. 2010) advertised that several employees from Downing Street No. 10 contacted the National Anti-bullying Helpline which raises discussions about Mr. Browns management style. Mr. Brown is being denoted as a bully by employees including assertions that he swore at staff, grabbed them by lapels and shouted at them. Third step to deal with bullying and harassment as a manager is to maintain fair procedures for dealing promptly with complaints from employees by using clear grievance and disciplinary procedure described in the Employment Relations Act 1999. Fourth step is to set clear standards of behaviour, to provide training and information about how to deal with bullying and to communicate the organisation? s views on it. Fifth, make clear that complaints will be dealt with fairly, confidentially and sensitively. By following these five steps of ACAS it is getting a lot easier to provide a good working climate and satisfy employees. In conclusion bullying is a problem affecting all businesses with different strength, in different ways and with different consequences, but the reason for occurrence of bullying is the one constant in all companies. It all starts with recurring minor problems that aren’t recognized until they grow big, so discussing problems and communicate them will help companies save money and satisfy employees. By using a metaphor to describe bullying, the strength in which bullying affects humans as well as companies could be expressed as follows A single thunderous gust could disroot trees, but a permanent breeze transforms mountains into grains of sand.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

The Significance of Public Relations Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resea

The Significance of Public Relations It’s about noon, you just got out of class, or perhaps you are on lunch break, and you are absolutely starving. While your stomach is churning all you can think about is a juicy double cheeseburger from McDonald’s. Finally, you see the golden arches and your mouth begins to water as you wait in line for your overdue meal. As you grow increasingly impatient for your number nine extra value meal you’re dying to see if you’ll have the final piece to the ever so famous McDonald’s Monopoly game. You’re convinced there are no real winners in this game, and you leave the restaurant with your fifteenth free small fries â€Å"prize† in two weeks. Well, it has recently been discovered that their may have been some truth to your unwavering opinion that there are no real â€Å"big winners† to this McDonald’s Monopoly game. According to the ABC news website, as early as 1995, the game has been rigged. Pierre Thomas, the au thor of this ABC news report, states that â€Å"No employees of McDonald's were involved in the scam. Attorney General John Ashcroft said that employees of Simon Marketing Inc., the Los Angeles-based company hired to run the games for McDonald's, allegedly figured out how to direct accomplices to pick up big prize tickets and then split the winnings with them.† This alerting situation and tricky scam immediately became McDonald’s public relations department’s job to fix as quickly and efficiently as possible. However, before finding out how and why the McDonald’s PR department came to a quick solution in mending this situation, it is important to understand exactly what the public relations department does within any company, organization, or government. This single department possesse... ...n direct correlation to the success of any business, organization, or government. Without the skills of well trained public relations specialists, any group is doomed for failure. Currently, public relation specialists working for the government are putting forth huge efforts to maintain support from United States citizens as well as global support for the military actions taking place in Afghanistan. Will they succeed? Only time will tell. Works Cited McDonald's Home Page. 29 Oct. 2001 press/corporate/2001/08212001/>. Straubhaar, Joseph , and Robert LaRose. Media Now: Communication Media in the Information Age. 3rd ed. United States: Wadsworth Group, 2001. 349-351. Thomas, Pierre. "McTheft?" ABC News 21 Aug. 2001. 29 Oct. 2001 .

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Iwantto Become a Rapper

Name:English 11H Chapter 18-30 Questions Due Monday, March 11! (pages 89-151) 1. What is symbolic about Edna considering the Ratignolles’ life French and foreign? The concept of marriage has become foreign to her. The Ratignolles purpose of life is much different from hers. 2. Why does Edna pity Adele after witnessing this marital bliss? Edna pities Adele because Adele will never know Edna’s true feelings about her desire to be an independent women and her desire to make love with another man. Adele has a different perspective of life than Edna which makes it hard for her to tell her true desire. . Why is it more powerful for Edna to neglect her household than to have temper tantrums? If Edna neglects her household she would get more of a reaction from Lenoce than to have a temper tantrum. 4. Why does it make sense that Adele wouldn’t like Mademoiselle Reisz? Adele is the exact opposite than Mademoiselle Reisz in what Adele believes in. They have different views in life. Adele is more of a house wife who enjoys being around her family while Mademoiselle Reisz is more independent , she is unmarried and also childless, she focuses on herself more than others. 5.Why do Robert’s letters fill Edna with despondency? Most of his letters were not sent to Edna but the ones that were had no emotions to it. 6. What is the centerpiece of Mademoiselle Reisz’s apartment? She has a piano at the centerpiece. 7. What does M. Reisz tell Edna about being an artist? That in order to be an artist , she must possess a courageous soul that dares and defies 8. Why does Leonce go to consult Dr. Mandelet? The change in Edna’s behavior. 9. What does Dr. Mandelet fear is the cause of Edna’s change? That she may like another man. 10. What is Edna and her father’s relationship like?They are not is not affectionate. He believes that husbands should take authority over their wives which Edna oppose. Chapter 18-30 Questions Due Monday, Ma rch 11! (pages 89-151) 11. How does Edna feel and act toward Leonce right before he leaves for a long trip to NY? She actually gets a bit emotional and starts tearing up when Leonce leaves. she feels sad but not for to long. 12. How does Edna feel after Leonce and the children have gone? She feels at peace and free. 13. Who is Alcee Arobin and where did Edna meet him? A man that Edna starts having feeling for.They met at the horse race at Grand Isle. 14. Why is Edna making preparations to move to another house while Leonce is away? So she would think about Leonce possession over her. She want to be able to forget about him and think more about herself. 15. Is Leonce aware of Edna’s plans? Yes but he doesn’t agree with her. 16. Why does Edna say she is a wicked woman? 17. What specifically does Edna not feel for her relationship with Alcee Arobin? She doesn’t feel love for Alcee but lust 18. What does Edna take from the old house to the new? 19. Why is Adele unab le to attend Edna’s dinner party?

Monday, January 6, 2020

Human Trafficking And Development The Role Of Microfinance

Source Makonen Getu, Human Trafficking and Development: The Role of Microfinance, Transformation, 23 (3) 2006, 142-156. Introduction This review critically reviews the article â€Å"Human trafficking and Development: The Role of Microfinance† in the journal â€Å"Transformation†. The review will firstly summarize the article. Secondly, it will briefly define the main purposes of the article. Thirdly, it will analyze the effectiveness of the structure, considering how the information is set out and whether the reader can easily access the efficiency. The review will also evaluate article authority, accuracy, and relevance. In addition, it will include the response and recommendation part for final judging analysis. Overall, the article was well written, clear and relevant. Article summary The purpose of this article is to consider the third most profitable and organized crime after drugs and arm trade – Human Trafficking, and Microfinance as a panacea to the end of this growing global problem. According to the article, the Trafficking in persons is one of the most difficult problems related to security. Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery, which is followed by the most cruel human rights violations. As a result, the person becomes an object of manipulation, which can be bought and sold. Although the most known form of human trafficking is sexual exploitation, victims often become trafficked for forced labor, servitude, child begging, or the removal of organs. Every year,Show MoreRelatedNatural Disasters and Political Issues in Bangladesh577 Words   |  2 Pages Natural disasters and political issues in Bangladesh during the 1940s and subsequent decades provided the block for the development of what is today one of the world’s largest nongovernment organization (NGO) sectors. Famine took more than 3 million lives in 1943, and Typhoon killed more than 500,000 in 1970. Ranada Prasad Shaha is a coal trading business man who built the Kumudini Hospital t o provided free medical care and treatment to people from different communities by that he fulfilledRead MoreHuman Trafficking1806 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Trafficking Many women and young girls dream of having a better life. They are willing to travel across the ocean to other countries that would offer them better opportunities. One of their main goals is be able to provide for themselves and their families financially. However, in their lifetime they could never imagine that their dreams would be shattered by a horrendous act called human trafficking. Every year, these unfortunate victims are either lured, sold, or forced against their willRead MoreEssay about Half the Sky2153 Words   |  9 PagesKristof and Sheryl WuDunn explain in the book â€Å"Half the Sky† why empowering women in the developing world is ethically right and extremely vital.It is a gripping story of how customs and culture have historically oppressed women. The strength of the human rights movement and of actual change across all cultures is going to be asteadfast task of courageous women who give themselves permission to say no to so many years of unthinkable tyran nical cultural customs and fight for a new way of life. Many ofRead MoreSamasource Give Work Not Aid8822 Words   |  36 Pages9 -9 1 2 -0 1 1 REV: JUNE 18, 2012 FRANCESCA GINO BRADLEY R. STAATS Samasource: Give Work, Not Aid Work is at the core of human dignity: it is how we define ourselves and our position in the world. The disparity in access to decent work that pays a fair wage between rich and poor represents, in my mind, the biggest threat to global stability. — Leila Janah, CEO and founder, Samasource As she landed at the San Francisco International Airport, Leila Janah reflected on her most recent visitRead MoreSocio-Economic Issues in India5247 Words   |  21 PagesOne-third of Indias population (roughly equivalent to the entire population of the United States) lives below the poverty line and India is home to one-third of the worlds poor people. Though the middle class has gained from recent positive economic developments, India suffers from substantial poverty. According to the new World Banks estimates on poverty based on 2005 data, India has 456 million people, 41.6% of its population, living below the new international poverty line of $1.25 (PPP) per day. TheRead MoreMasculinity in the Media3136 Words   |  13 Pagesmilitary was cool, and I looked up to the people in my family who served. I played with G.I. Joes, Star Wars toys, watched war movies, watched and played sports, wore sports apparel and played Halo and Call of duty. I was subconsciously filling my gender role by making â€Å"masculine† consumer choices that would affect choices I would make in the future. The violent toys and games that I grew up with became a part of me. I got into many fights in high school because I thought it was fun, I thought I was cool